PV modules convert solar radiation into DC electricity, which is then transformed into AC electricity by an efficient hybrid inverter. If a grid is available, the inverter powers the air conditioning unit using solar energy during the day and switches to the grid at night or when solar radiation is low. If the system operates fully off-grid, batteries power the air conditioning unit at night.
The number of PV panels and batteries are determined based on the room size, user requirements, and location. The air conditioning unit cools the air in the room by passing it through a refrigerant-filled heat exchanger. As a vapor compression heat pump, a significant portion of the cooling energy comes from the environment, making it an extremely efficient system.